Earth Summit (1992) in Rio de Janeiro has created  3 important bodies Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). Overview and COP Details are as follows:
1. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
Established: in 1992, at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro.

Objectives: 1. Conservation of biological diversity.
2. Sustainable use of biodiversity components.
3. Fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources.
Key Protocols:

Cartagena Protocol (2000): Biosafety in the context of GMOs.
Nagoya Protocol (2010): Access and benefit-sharing of genetic resources.
COP (Conference of Parties): First COP (1994): Focused on ratification and implementation.
Latest COP15 (2022, Montreal): Adopted the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, setting targets to protect 30% of global land and marine areas by 2030 and restore ecosystems.
2. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

Objective: 1. Prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system by stabilizing greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations.

Key Agreements:

* Kyoto Protocol (1997): Legally binding GHG reduction commitments.
* Paris Agreement (2015): Aim to limit global warming to 1.5°C.
COP: First COP (1995, Berlin): Set the stage for future protocols.
Latest COP28 (2023, Dubai): Emphasized nature-based solutions, enhancing NDCs, and scaling finance for adaptation and mitigation?
UNCCD
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3. United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
Established: 1994, in response to desertification and land degradation, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions.

Objective: Achieve land degradation neutrality and promote sustainable land management.

COP: First COP (1997): Framework for national action plans.
Latest COP15 (2022, Côte d'Ivoire): Addressed drought resilience, land restoration, and carbon sequestration.
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Collaboration and Synergy
The Rio Conventions Joint Programme integrates the efforts of these three conventions to:

Promote sustainable development and resilience.
Mobilize resources and capacity building.
Leverage local knowledge for synergistic implementation?
CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY.
For detailed progress and reports:

CBD
UNFCCC
UNCCD